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Creating a Chicago Way Bibliography | Format & Examples

Published on September 23, 2019 by Jack Caulfield. Revised on December 8, 2021.

A Chicago style bibliography lists the sources cited in your text. Each bibliography entry begins with the author's name and the title of the source, followed past relevant publication details. The bibliography is alphabetized by authors' concluding names.

A bibliography is not mandatory, just is strongly recommended for all merely very short papers. It gives your reader an overview of all your sources in one place. Check with your instructor if y'all're not sure whether y'all need a bibliography.

Chicago style bibliography examples

Bibliography entries vary in format depending on the type of source. Templates and examples for the most common source types are shown below.

Template	Author Last Name, Start Name. Book Title: Subtitle . Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, Yr. DOI/URL.
Example	Williams, John. Stoner. London: Vintage, 2003.

• The edition is always abbreviated (east.g. 2nd ed. or rev. ed.).
• Only include the URL for books you consulted online.

Template	Author Concluding Name, Start Name. "Affiliate Championship." In Book Title: Subtitle , edited past Editor Commencement Proper name Last Proper name, page range. Place of publication: Publisher, Twelvemonth. DOI/URL.
Case	Stewart, Bob. "Wag of the Tail: Reflecting on Pet Ownership." In Enriching Our Lives with Animals, edited past John Jaimeson, 220-90. Toronto: Petlove Printing, 2007.

• Utilise this format to cite a chapter in a multi-authored book. If all the chapters in a book were written by the same person, reference the whole book.
• Begin the citation with the author of the chapter. The editor who compiled the volume is listed later.

Template	Author Last Proper name, Commencement Proper noun. "Commodity Championship." Journal Proper name Volume, no. Issue (Calendar month Twelvemonth): Page range. DOI/URL.
Example	Andreff, Wladimir, and Paul D. Staudohar. "The Evolving European Model of Professional Sports Finance." Journal of Sports Economics one, no. iii (August 2000): 257–276. https://doi.org/x.1177/152700250000100304.

• The folio range identifies the location of the article inside the periodical outcome.
• For articles accessed online, include a DOI (digital object identifier) where bachelor, and a URL if not.

Template	Author Last Name, Get-go Name. "Page Title." Website Proper noun. Month Day, Year. URL.
Case	Scribbr. "Chicago Style Commendation." Accessed June 16, 2020. https://world wide web.scribbr.com/category/chicago-style/.

• If the author is unknown, list the organization or website name as writer, and don't repeat information technology later in the citation.
• If no publication date is listed, include an access appointment instead.
• The website name is not italicized, unless it is an online version of a newspaper or magazine.

Formatting the bibliography page

The bibliography appears at the finish of your text. The heading Bibliography is bolded and centred at the top of the page.

Unlike the rest of a Chicago format paper, the bibliography is not double-spaced. However, add a unmarried line space between entries.

If a bibliography entry extends onto more than ane line, subsequent lines should be indented, every bit seen in the example below. This helps the reader to see at a glance where each new entry begins.

Case of a Chicago bibliography

In that location are further guidelines for formatting a Chicago manner annotated bibliography, in which you write a paragraph of summary and evaluation nether each source.

Author names in the bibliography are inverted: The last name comes start, and then the outset name(south). Sources are alphabetized past writer last name.

If a source has no named writer, alphabetize by the get-go word of the title or system proper noun that starts the entry. Ignore articles ("the," "a," and "an") for the purposes of alphabetization.

Sources with multiple authors

For sources with more than than one author, only the first author's name is inverted; subsequent names are written in the normal order.

For texts with upwardly to 10 authors, all the authors' names should be listed in the order they appear in the source, separated by commas.

Gmuca, Natalia V., Linnea Eastward. Pearson, Jennifer M. Burns, and Heather E.Grand. Liwanag. "The Fat and the Furriest: Morphological Changes in Harp Seal Fur with Ontogeny." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88, no. ii (March/April 2015): 158–66.

If there are more than than x authors, list the get-go 7, followed past "et al."

Multiple sources by the same writer

If you include multiple works from the same author, only include the writer proper name in the showtime entry. In subsequent entries, replace the name with three em dashes, followed by the rest of the citation formatted equally normal. List the entries in alphabetical order by title.

Rhys, Jean. Good Morning, Midnight. London: Penguin, 2000.
———.Quartet. New York: Westward. W. Norton & Visitor, 1997.
———.Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin, 1997.

Bibliography vs reference list

A reference list is mandatory in Chicago author-date style, where you cite sources in parentheses in the text. The just differences between a Chicago bibliography and a reference list are the heading and the placement of the date.

The reference list is headed "References." In reference list entries, the publication date is placed immediately afterwards the writer's proper noun. This allows the reader to hands observe a reference on the basis of the corresponding in-text commendation.

Instance of a Chicago reference list

Frequently asked questions about the Chicago bibliography

How practice I cite a source with multiple authors in Chicago style?

In a Chicago manner footnote, listing up to 3 authors. If in that location are more than three, proper name only the first author, followed past "et al."

In the bibliography, list up to ten authors. If there are more 10, list the first vii followed by "et al."

	Full note	Brusque annotation	Bibliography
2 authors	Anna Burns and Robert Smith	Burns and Smith	Burns, Anna, and Robert Smith.
3 authors	Anna Burns, Robert Smith, and Judith Light-green	Burns, Smith, and Greenish	Burns, Anna, Robert Smith, and Judith Green.
four+ authors	Anna Burns et al.	Burns et al.	Burns, Anna, Robert Smith, Judith Dark-green, and Maggie White.

The same rules apply in Chicago author-date style.

How do I cite a source with no author in Chicago style?

In a Chicago footnote citation, when the author of a source is unknown (as is often the example with websites), beginning the commendation with the title in a full notation. In curt notes and bibliography entries, list the organization that published it every bit the author.

Blazon	Instance
Full note	1. "An Introduction to Inquiry Methods," Scribbr, accessed June eleven, 2020, https://www.scribbr.com/category/methodology/.
Brusque annotation	2. Scribbr, "Enquiry Methods."
Bibliography	Scribbr. "An Introduction to Research Methods." Accessed June 11, 2020. https://www.scribbr.com/category/methodology/.

In Chicago writer-engagement style, treat the arrangement as author in your in-text citations and reference list.

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Source: https://www.scribbr.com/chicago-style/bibliography/

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